水产养殖环境常见四环素类抗生素抗性基因tet（M）的演化及传播的初步分析     

陈琳琳  刘维青  刘静  张高生  任宗明 《海洋科学》2011,35(12):75-81

利用分子系统学方法分析了20 条水产养殖环境中常见的四环素抗性tet（M）基因的序列特点、多态性及系统发育, 并对其细菌寄主分类、环境介质来源作相关性分析。结果表明, 20 条基因序列有4种单倍型, 其中tet（M）-b 和d 是两种远缘基因型, 而a 和c 则是二者之间的序列变异。系统发育树分成三大分支, tet（M...  相似文献   

微生态制剂对生物挂膜及牙鲆生长的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

傅雪军  马绍赛  曲克明  周勇 《海洋科学》2011,35(4):15-20

针对工厂化循环水养殖系统中生物滤池去除有害污染物质的核心问题,采用单因素梯度设计,添加50(1#),100(2#),250(3#),500(4#),1000(5#),1500(6#)g微生态制剂辅助自然微生物在生物载体上进行人工挂膜,挂膜2周后,进行40 d循环水养殖牙鲆(paralichthys olivaceus)...  相似文献   

黑水虻在水产饲料中的应用进展     

谢雨桐  彭凯  胡俊茹  王国霞 《广东海洋大学学报》2022,(1)

总结黑水虻的生物特性、营养成分含量及其在水产饲料中的应用,简述黑水虻幼虫不同产品形式(干虫/虫粉、脱脂虫粉、虫油、鲜虫/虫浆)在草食性、杂食性、肉食性和甲壳动物饲料中的应用进展,阐述在水产动物饲料中适量添加黑水虻可提高所饲动物的生长性能,过量添加则引起动物发生病理性变化,综述在不同水生动物中黑水虻的最适添加量,提出黑水虻在产业化生产及水产饲料中的应用前景及问题。  相似文献   

大鹏澳牡蛎养殖对浮游植物种群结构的影响研究     

张玲  李政菊  陈飞羽  江涛  吕颂辉  江天久 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(3):549-555

于2013年8、10月及2014年2、5月对大鹏澳牡蛎养殖区及其邻近海域进行了采样调查。利用设置的3个站位(牡蛎养殖区S1、养殖区外S2、靠近湾口S3)的数据研究了牡蛎养殖对海区浮游植物种群结构和丰度的影响。本次考察共鉴定出大鹏澳浮游植物58属144种,丰度为6.15×103—5.94×106cells/L。其中,硅藻36属100种,占种类总数的69.4%,丰度在4.5×103—5.93×106cells/L之间;甲藻15属34种,占总种类的23.6%,丰度范围为1.5×102—4.53×104 cells/L;蓝藻、绿藻、隐藻等共7属10种。在牡蛎养殖期(8月至2月),养殖区内养殖水层浮游植物总丰度低于非养殖区,硅藻丰度占浮游植物总丰度的90%以上,硅藻丰度与总浮游植物细胞丰度的空间分布特征一致;与硅藻空间分布特点不同,养殖区内甲藻丰度显著低于非养殖区。牡蛎收获后的5月,养殖区内的甲藻丰度高于非养殖区。牡蛎养殖区站位S1浮游植物多样性指数平均值为1.35,明显低于非养殖区S2(2.68)和S3(2.69)。与此相似,养殖区内站位S1均匀度J(0.27)明显低于非养殖区站位S2(0.49)和S3(0.51)。本研究表明,大鹏澳牡蛎养殖对浮游植物群落结构造成了一定影响,能够显著降低浮游植物丰度、种类多样性和均匀度。  相似文献   

Research on China’s aquaculture efficiency evaluation and influencing factors with undesirable outputs     

Ji  Jianyue  Wang  Pingping 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2015,14(3):569-574

Taking the aquaculture area, the number of farming boats and that of aquaculturist as input variables, the aquaculture production as desirable output variable and polluted economic loss as undesirable ...  相似文献   

Impact of pond aquaculture effluents on seagrass performance in NE Hainan,tropical China     

Lucia S. Herbeck  Miriam Sollich  Daniela Unger  Marianne Holmer  Tim C. Jennerjahn 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

The impact of pond aquaculture effluents on the distribution and performance of seagrasses was examined in NE Hainan, tropical China. Samples were taken along transects in three back-reef areas with different extent of aquaculture production in their hinterland. High δ¹⁵N in seagrass leaves and epiphytes (6–9‰) similar to values in pond effluents documented aquaculture as dominant nitrogen source in the back-reefs with decreasing impact with distance from shore. Seagrass species abundance, shoot density and biomass were lower and concentrations of nutrients, chlorophyll and suspended matter were higher at nearshore sites with high and moderate pond abundance than at the control site. High epiphyte loads and low δ³⁴S in seagrass leaves suggest temporal shading and sulphide poisoning of the nearshore seagrasses. Observed gradients in environmental parameters and seagrass performance indicate that the distance from the pond outlets and size of the adjacent pond agglomeration are major determinants of seagrass degradation.  相似文献   

Responses of benthic macrofauna and biogeochemical fluxes to various levels of mussel biodeposition: An in situ “benthocosm” experiment     

Myriam D. Callier  Marion Richard  Christopher W. McKindsey  Philippe Archambault 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(10):1544-1553

An in situ experiment was done to evaluate the dose-dependent response of mussel biodeposition on benthic communities and biogeochemical fluxes. Natural benthic communities were exposed to 7 different levels of mussel biodeposition (equivalent to that produced by 0-764 mussels m⁻²) over 50 days. Benthic communities responded as predicted from the Pearson, T.H., Rosenberg, R., 1978. Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 16, 229-311 model of organic enrichment. Total abundance and species richness decreased with increasing biodeposition. The abundance and biomass of opportunistic species (Capitella spp.) increased in the mesocosms subject to the greatest biodeposition. Sensitive species Tellina agilis and Pherusa plumosa tended to decrease in abundance and biomass with increasing biodeposition. The biotic index M-AMBI responded clearly to increased biodeposition and may be a useful tool for assessing the effect of mussel biodeposition on the benthic environment. These results are important for the construction of predictive models for determining environmental carrying capacity for bivalve aquaculture.  相似文献   

Can co-management emerge spontaneously? Collaborative management in Sri Lankan shrimp aquaculture     

《Marine Policy》2015

Shrimp aquaculture in northwestern Sri Lanka shows co-management like features. To understand the reasons behind co-management and to identify the mechanisms by which co-management is carried out, the paper examines shrimp aquaculture operations in three coastal communities using a case study approach. Water from an interconnected lagoon system is the key input for shrimp ponds, but it is also the potential source of shrimp disease outbreaks that threaten all shrimp farms. Farmers try to prevent the spread of disease by co-operating to adjust the timing of water intake and wastewater release. This is done through a zonal crop calendar system which is developed and implemented by a vertically integrated institutional structure with three levels: sub-zonal/community, zonal, and national. Partnerships, overall sharing of power and authority, and learning-by-doing are key features of this collaborative management system. The case shows that adaptive co-management can develop through collaborative problem-solving over time, even in the absence of legal arrangements.  相似文献   

紫菜养殖筏架上定生浒苔对黄海绿潮的贡献     

韩红宾  范士亮  宋伟  李艳  肖洁  王宗灵  张学雷  丁德文 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(2):101-106

Green tides caused by the unusual accumulation of high floating Ulva prolifera have occurred regularly in the Yellow Sea since 2007. The primary source of the Yellow Sea green tides is the attached algae on the Pyropia aquaculture rafts in the Subei Shoal. Ulva prolifera and Blidingia(Italic) sp. are the main species observed on Pyropia aquaculture rafts in the Subei Shoal. We found that U. prolifera has strong buoyancy and a rapid growth rate, which may explain why it is the dominant species of green tides that occur in the China's sea area of the Yellow Sea. The growth rate of floating U. prolifera was about 20%–31% d–1, which was much higher than Blidingia(Italic) sp. There were about 1.7 × 10~4 t of attached algae on the Pyropia aquaculture rafts in May 2012. We found that 39% of attached algae could float when the tide rose in the Subei Shoal, and U. prolifera accounted for 63% of the floating algae. Our analysis estimated that about 4 000 t of attached U. prolifera floated into the surrounding waters of the Subei Shoal during the recycling period of aquaculture rafts. These results suggest that the initial floating biomass of large-scale green tides in the Yellow Sea is determined by the U. prolifera biomass attached to Pyropia aquaculture rafts, further impacting the scale of the green tide.  相似文献   

我国海水养殖的区域比较优势与专业化分析     

赵领娣  脱颖  王亚薇  王小华 《海洋科学》2020,44(4):75-84

本文以2013-2017年我国鱼类、甲壳类、贝类、藻类、其他类产品海水养殖规模及产量的分析为基础,有别于现有文献关于我国海水养殖业发展现状的分析,创新性地使用比较优势模型并测算专业化系数,分析我国海水养殖结构特点,明确10个沿海省市的优势海水养殖产品及其养殖专业化程度,从而有针对性地指出我国海水养殖结构的优化方向。文章结果表明:(1)我国五类海水养殖产品的产量均呈上升趋势,且贝类的产量始终最高;海水养殖总面积有所下降,其中贝类产品的养殖面积虽逐年减少,但始终位于第一。(2)山东、福建、广东三省的海水养殖总产量、养殖规模和单产均位于全国10个沿海省市的前列。(3)10个沿海省市分别拥有自己的优势海水养殖产品,但只有海南充分发挥优势实现专业化生产。对此,我国应继续优化海水养殖产品布局,促进各省市对自身比较优势产品的规模化生产,从而推动全国海水养殖产业的高效专业化发展。  相似文献